期末考必備：完形填空備考指導(dǎo)

　　【摘要】形填空題有救了！3個步驟，5個技巧，7篇練習(xí)，做一遍，考試再提10分！更多中考信息可關(guān)注閩州教育中考資訊專欄。

完形填空是一種測試學(xué)生語言水平和實際運用語言能力的綜合性題型�？忌枰邆湟欢ǖ脑~匯量和語法知識，而且還必須具備一定的閱讀理解能力、分析能力和邏輯推理能力。要想提高完形填空的答題正確率，除了具備比較扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和一定的綜合運用基礎(chǔ)知識的能力外，還需要掌握一定的解題步驟和技巧。

解題步驟

1

快速瀏覽，重視首句

在瀏覽文章時，我們既要重視文中諸如人名、時間、連詞之類的關(guān)鍵詞，抽取重要的信息點，也要注意不要在具體的細(xì)節(jié)上花費太多時間�？淳渥印⒆ブ鞲�、看大意、抓結(jié)構(gòu)就可以了。

還需要特別注意的是，完形填空的首句一般不設(shè)空。因為首句是整篇文章信息的開端和起點，決定了下文信息流動的方式和方向，也為整篇文章提供了足夠的背景信息，所以我們要高度重視文章的首句。

2

通讀全文，先易后難

快速瀏覽完文章后，我們已經(jīng)初步了解了文章的主旨大意，接下來，我們就要通讀全文，把所給的幾個選項分別填入空白處所在的句子中。在做完形填空題時，我們一定要注意在語境理解上下功夫，抓住上下文的內(nèi)容聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系，注意連詞、代詞、插入語等的作用。

另外，我們往往會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些空白處在快速瀏覽階段就可以填出，而有些在通讀全文后答案都不是很明朗。遇到這種情況，不要慌張，在把其余空白處的內(nèi)容“復(fù)原”后，我們對語境的了解就會更加清晰、更加準(zhǔn)確，這時再來啃那些“硬骨頭”就會比較容易。

3

復(fù)讀全文，驗證答案

相對于前面兩步，第三步往往不被考生注意。完形填空來自于一篇完整的短文，我們的任務(wù)是還原短文原貌。我們只有復(fù)讀短文，才能感悟出所選答案和原文是否匹配，上下文是否自相矛盾，語篇銜接是否順暢。在復(fù)讀的過程中，我們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)有些選項需要重新考慮。

解題技巧

1

利用上下文線索解題

對于大部分完形填空題，我們需要通過上下文的線索解題。有些解題的線索就在題目的附近；有些解題的線索比較遠(yuǎn)，甚至要跨段去尋找線索。

2

利用重復(fù)詞語、派生詞、近義詞等解題

被選作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼應(yīng)，主題明確，往往會有詞語重復(fù)出現(xiàn)，或者以其派生詞、近義詞等其他形式出現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)象，這類題目一般比較容易解答。

3

利用語法知識解題

雖然完形填空的考查越來越淡化語法，但是一個語義連貫的語篇必須是符合各種語法關(guān)系的。因此考生在解題時可以將幾個選項分別代入空中，對句子進(jìn)行語法分析、判斷，從而縮小答案范圍或選出正確答案。

4

利用文化背景知識、生活常識等進(jìn)行邏輯推理

完形填空題的語篇有時會滲透著相關(guān)的文化背景知識和生活常識，如：科學(xué)知識、歷史知識、地理知識、風(fēng)俗民情、民族習(xí)慣等。在做題時，如果能積極地調(diào)動自己的文化背景知識和生活常識，巧妙地加以運用，將會大大簡化復(fù)雜的分析與判斷思維過程，節(jié)省寶貴的時間。

5

排除干擾，去偽存真

我們在做完形填空題時，有時會遇到這種情況：對某個題目的正確選項的含義、用法不甚明白，但發(fā)現(xiàn)其他選項卻有顯而易見的謬誤，這時，我們可以嘗試用排除法。

需要注意的是，很多時候判斷一道完形填空題的正確答案要從多角度考慮，把語境、語法、常識等有機結(jié)合起來。同時也可以從某個角度選出答案，再從其他角度對答案進(jìn)行印證�？傊�，大家在掌握這些解題技巧之后，要注意靈活運用到解題過程中，以提高自己的解題能力。

專項練習(xí)

先通讀下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇可以填入空白處的最佳答案。

A

Acapulco is a dream place for many tourists. The wonderful city in Mexico welcomes over 20 million foreign visitors a year. It’s easy to   1   because there are a lot of taxis and buses. Acapulco   2   its wet season in the month of June and this lasts till October. Don’t go during this period because it’s very    3  . Go from November to May because the weather is dry and sunny.

You can go fishing in Acapulco Bay and play golf next to the sea. There are theme parks and water parks   4   all the family. In spring, it’s a popular place with American students — don’t go in April because there are so many students at that time. Finally, don’t   5   the cliff divers (懸崖跳水者). No visit to Acapulco is complete without watching the cliff divers perform their wonderful jumps.

(    )1. A. get popular   B. get off     

          C. get lost        D. get around

(    )2. A. enters         B. passes

          C. shares          D. checks

(    )3. A. sunny          B. rainy

          C. cloudy         D. windy

(    )4. A. of               B. to   

          C. for             D. with

(    )5. A. help           B. meet

          C. become       D. miss

B

If you move to a foreign country, there will be a big change in lifestyle. Take the   1   for example. In the United States, it may be different from the kind you are    2  .

In the United States, most people take a shower once a day in the morning. The showerhead is usually fixed on the wall and cannot be   3  . The bather simply stands under the water, gets   4  , scrubs (擦洗) with soap and often a washcloth, and then rinses off (沖洗).

Children often take a bath each night and    5   playing with small toys such as boats and rubber ducks. Many adults,   6   women, prefer a relaxing bath to clear their minds of stress at work and get a good night’s sleep.

It is   7   to remember that when you take a shower or bath in the United States, you should be careful to   8   the water inside the bathtub (浴缸) or shower. Unlike bathrooms in many other countries, there is no drain (下水道) in the floor. If water gets on the floor, it cannot go anywhere and must be   9   at once. It can also cause problems for the   10  . So be careful.

          (    )1. A. bathroom        B. garden  

                    C. bedroom         D. kitchen

          (    )2. A. known for       B. good at     

                    C. used to            D. interested in

          (    )3. A. bought           B. moved  

                    C. seen              D. covered

          (    )4. A. cold              B. clean    

                    C. hurt               D. wet

          (    )5. A. finish            B. continue

                    C. enjoy            D. practice

          (    )6. A. simply          B. certainly

                    C. clearly          D. especially

          (    )7. A. dangerous      B. strange       

                    C. exciting         D. important

          (    )8. A. keep             B. press     

                    C. touch            D. add

          (    )9. A. put up            B. given up  

                    C. cleaned up       D. picked up

          (    )10. A. toys            B. brushes   

                     C. floor            D. water

C

It was a dark September morning. There was a storm at sea. A ship had been driven onto a low rock off the shores (海岸) of the Farne Islands. It had been   1   in two by the waves (海浪), and half of it had been washed away. The other half still lay on the rock, and those of the crew (全體船員) who were still     2    were in great danger. However, waves were breaking over it, and soon it would    3    be carried to the bottom of the sea.Could anyone    4    the poor men who were out there?On one of the islands there was a lighthouse. Grace was the   5   of the lighthouse keeper and she had lived beside the sea for her whole life.

In the darkness of the night, above the noise of the wind and waves, she   6   wild cries. When daylight came, she saw the poor sailors.“We must try to save   7   !” she said to her father — the lighthouse keeper. “Let’s go out in the boat at once!”Grace’s father said that it was of no use   8   the waves were too strong.However, Grace said, “We can’t just stay here and watch them die.” Her father knew she was   9  .In a few minutes they were ready and they   10   in the heavy lighthouse boat. It was very hard to reach the men, but   11   the brave girl and her father made it. One by one, they helped the cold, tired sailors onto the   12  . And soon they were all safe in the lighthouse. There Grace became a very good   13  . She took good care of the men until the storm died away and they were   14   enough to go to their own homes.This   15   a long time ago, but the name Grace Darling will not be forgotten.

          (    )1. A. born             B. burned

                    C. broken           D. developed

          (    )2. A. sick              B. alive  

                    C. silent             D. asleep

          (    )3. A. ever                B. still     

                    C. also               D. only

          (    )4. A. save              B. believe

                    C. thank               D. control

          (    )5. A. sister              B. mother

                    C. daughter         D. grandmother

          (    )6. A. hated              B. heard

                    C. avoided           D. remembered

          (    )7. A. him               B. her    

                    C. you               D. them

          (    )8. A. unless           B. though

                    C. until              D. because

          (    )9. A. safe              B. afraid

                    C. right               D. smart

          (    )10. A. found out      B. set out     

                    C. worked out     D. hung out

          (    )11. A. suddenly       B. finally

                    C. mostly           D. normally

          (    )12. A. boat           B. plane  

                    C. train              D. bus

          (    )13. A. teacher        B. writer

                    C. nurse            D. actress

          (    )14. A. rich           B. strong

                    C. brave           D. careful

          (    )15. A. started        B. failed     

                    C. happened       D. appeared

D

I’m Steve and I teach science in a secondary school. I’m also   1   all the computers and computer systems (系統(tǒng)) in the school. I really love working with young people. My job can be stressful because students   2   have a lot of questions about science and there are almost no simple answers to give them. When the computer systems   3   working, it is my job to solve the problem. That is really exciting.

I’m always busy. After school hours, I hold a computer club   4   students. It’s great fun, but we don’t play games — it’s serious business!

I love my job and to a young person who wants to be a(n)   5   like me, I would say, “Make sure you know your subject very well.”

          (    )1. A. good at          B. happy with   

                    C. thirsty for       D. responsible for

          (    )2. A. also              B. ever        

                    C. always            D. still

          (    )3. A. try                B. stop        

                    C. finish             D. continue

          (    )4. A. to                B. for         

                    C. about              D. in

          (    )5. A. teacher           B. engineer    

                    C. scientist         D. businessman

E

In 1806, Napoleon Bonaparte, the ruler of France, had a problem. He’d   1   his sugar-growing islands in the Caribbean. He   2   buy sugar from his enemies. So where was he going to get sugar to keep his people happy?

Napoleon knew that years before, a German scientist had   3   that all plants have sugar. And he had even found one almost as   4   as sugarcane (甘蔗) — the white beet (甜菜)!

Napoleon ordered his science team to find out   5   to get the sugar out of the beets. They soon did. This changed   6  ! Sugar beets can   7   in the cold north, instead of on tropical (熱帶的) islands. And because beets (unlike sugarcane) can be stored (貯存) for a long time, they could be shipped far away. So sugar factories didn’t have to be   8   the farms.Soon, sugar beet farms spread all over Europe and Russia, and later in the United States.   9   Napoleon’s enemies loved cheap beet sugar.

During WWII, farmers in both America and Germany were asked to grow sugar beets so that their countries would have   10   sugar.

Today, about half the table sugar in the world comes from beets, and half from sugarcane.

          (    )1. A. lost               B. found      

                    C. forgotten        D. remembered

          (    )2. A. could             B. couldn’t    

                    C. need              D. needn’t

          (    )3. A. joked            B. suggested   

                    C. imagined        D. discovered

          (    )4. A. heavy            B. sweet       

                    C. beautiful        D. fresh

          (    )5. A. why               B. how        

                    C. when             D. where

          (    )6. A. nothing         B. anything    

                    C. everything      D. something

          (    )7. A. mix               B. grow       

                    C. fall                D. change

          (    )8. A. near             B. behind       

                    C. through         D. between

          (    )9. A. Even             B. Perhaps     

                    C. Once             D. Yet

          (    )10. A. real            B. special      

                    C. enough          D. expensive

F

Scientists believe the earth is 4.6 billion (十億) years old. However, the mountains, valleys (山谷), rivers, deserts and forests we see today are much   1   than that. For example, Qomolangma is about 60 million years old and the Amazon Rainforest is about 55 million years old. The Baltic Sea, the youngest sea in the world, is   2   about 15,000 years old.

The earth is always   3   because of volcanoes (火山), earthquakes and, of course, wind and rain. Some of these changes are very   4   and others are quick. Water and ice can make very big changes to the planet.   5  , glaciers (rivers of ice) can cut through mountains and make deep valleys.

It’s   6   for our planet to change. But at the moment scientists think it’s changing faster than usual. They don’t understand everything that is happening but they know that    7   are rising. Besides, the weather is getting wetter in some places and drier in others, and there are more big storms.

However, these changes are not bad for everyone.   8   the Arctic (北極) is getting warmer, some people in Greenland now own businesses that grow and sell vegetables. That wasn’t    9   50 years ago. Farmers in Greenland like the warm weather and   10   it will continue.

          (    )1. A. older              B. bigger     

                    C. smaller            D. younger

          (    )2. A. hardly            B. only       

                    C. rather             D. forever

          (    )3. A. falling            B. moving    

                    C. changing         D. giving

          (    )4. A. slow              B. usual      

                    C. bad                 D. clear

          (    )5. A. In fact            B. In total    

                    C. After all          D. For example

          (    )6. A. interesting      B. possible   

                    C. normal            D. important

          (    )7. A. costs              B. crimes     

                    C. pressures         D. temperatures

          (    )8. A. Though          B. If         

                    C. Because          D. Unless

          (    )9. A. clear              B. possible    

                    C. hard               D. serious

          (    )10. A. hope            B. agree      

                    C. warn              D. regret

G

Dear Kate,It’s really good to know that you’re taking my place while I’m away doing this training course. Thanks so much. I’m   1   you’ll get on well with the kids.I think I should   2   you some notes on a couple of things that are planned for this week, and some   3   that might be helpful!● Tuesday: The class is going to   4   the Dinosaur Museum. Make sure they take their notebooks and   5   them on Monday to bring a packed lunch and some money.● Thursday: I’ve   6   them they can watch a Disney movie. The DVD is on my desk. There are some worksheets (活頁練習(xí)題) to go with it. By the way, don’t worry about marking them — I’ll do it   7   I get back.● The photocopier (復(fù)印機) is very temperamental (反復(fù)無常的)! A good kick will make it work   8  !● Don’t use the coffee cup   9   a snowman on it — it’s Dave’s. He will be   10   if someone uses his cup! Don’t ask for trouble.● Don’t   11   school. If you get to school even a minute past 8:15, the headmaster will talk to you.  12  , hope you’ll have a great week — the kids are really wonderful. But don’t let Mark and Jack sit together. If they do, you may have some disciplinary (有關(guān)紀(jì)律的)   13  ! If you do have any problems, mention   14   to the headmaster. She’s very supportive when it comes to discipline. One last thing — could you please take notes for me to let me know what you did?See you next   15  !Best wishes, Stef

          (    )1. A. glad                   B. sure          

                    C. sorry                  D. proud

          (    )2. A. leave                    B. read          

                    C. return                   D. lend

          (    )3. A. answers               B. projects       

                    C. suggestions           D. examples

          (    )4. A. visit                      B. describe      

                    C. choose                   D. introduce

          (    )5. A. join                     B. greet         

                    C. remind                 D. teach

          (    )6. A. answered               B. believed     

                    C. corrected               D. promised

          (    )7. A. before                 B. when        

                    C. since                   D. until

          (    )8. A. again                   B. aloud        

                    C. often                     D. already

          (    )9. A. of                       B. against      

                    C. with                     D. about

          (    )10. A. shy                      B. mad         

                    C. quiet                    D. surprised

          (    )11. A. be afraid of         

                      B. be late for  

                      C. be worried about     

                      D. be harmful to

          (    )12. A. Secondly             B. Recently     

                    C. Lastly                   D. Usually

          (    )13. A. manners                B. habits       

                    C. games                   D. problems

          (    )14. A. us                         B. him         

                    C. her                       D. them

          (    )15. A. hour                      B. week        

                    C. month                     D. year

參考答案

          A) 1-5 DABCD

          B) 1-5 ACBDC  6-10 DDACC

          C) 1-5 CBCAC  6-10 BDDCB  11-15 BACBC

          D) 1-5 DCBBA

          E) 1-5 ABDBB  6-10 CBAAC

          F) 1-5 DBCAD  6-10 CDCBA

          G) 1-5 BACAC  6-10 DBACB  11-15 BCDDB‍

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